Spatio-Temporal Drivers of Artisanal Fishing Productivity in Nigerian Inland Waters: A Socioeconomic and Technological Perspective for Sustainable Fisheries Policy

Abstract

Inland artisanal fisheries are critical to food security, rural livelihoods, and ecological sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, rivers such as the Niger and Benue support millions of artisanal fishers, yet the sector faces challenges from environmental degradation, seasonal variability, and socioeconomic disparities. This study presents a spatio-temporal assessment of artisanal fishing productivity across selected inland fishing grounds in Kogi State, integrating ecological patterns with fisher-specific socioeconomic and technological factors. A multi-site, longitudinal survey was conducted across 240 artisanal fishing households over 18 months. Data were collected on monthly catch volume, fisher demographics, fishing experience, gear type, and boat usage. Analytical methods included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) calculations to explore productivity drivers across seasonal and spatial contexts. Results revealed that dry season catches were generally higher than rainy season yields, particularly in Obagu, Ibiga, and Angwa Masara. Male fishers recorded higher average catch (1670.43 kg) than females (1562.62 kg), likely due to greater access to education and motorized gear. Users of motorized boats achieved higher catch volumes (1703.46 kg) compared to non-motorized users (1645.41 kg). Regression analysis confirmed that education, fishing experience, gender, and gear type significantly influence productivity. CPUE was also markedly higher in high-performing sites, emphasizing localized efficiency disparities. These findings highlight the need for inclusive, site-specific, and seasonally adaptive fisheries policies. Investments in education, gear modernization, and gender-responsive support systems are essential for promoting sustainability and equity in Nigeria’s inland fisheries.